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Fig. 2 | Biology of Sex Differences

Fig. 2

From: Treating sex and gender differences as a continuous variable can improve precision cancer treatments

Fig. 2

Most Cancers exhibit sex and gender - skewed hallmark pathway activation. (A) Genes with the greatest effect on low (female pole) and high (male pole) TI values were identified. Cancer Hallmark Pathway analysis of pole-associated genes revealed a predominant polarization pattern involving cell cycle regulation and oxidative phosphorylation at the male pole (blue circles) and multiple inflammatory/immunity pathways at the female pole (red circles). Gene counts (count) are symbolized by the size of the circles and False Discovery Rates (FDR) by the saturation of the fill as indicated in the legends. (B) Frequency of pathway skewing is listed in rank order of cases involved (in parentheses) and the ratio of involved female (red text) to male cases (blue text)

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