Fig. 1

Assessing the inclusion of biological sex as a variable in Diabetes manuscripts published over time. A Schematic representation of the workflow for manuscript selection in our study. B Average score of studies published in 1999, 2009, and 2019 (*** p < 0.001; generalized linear model with Poisson distribution; error bars indicate SEM). C Proportion of studies assigned scores between 0 and 6 in 1999, 2009, and 2019. Dashed lines represent a statistically insignificant change and solid lines represent a statistically significant change (generalized linear model with binomial distribution). D Proportion of single-sex studies that used male animals in 1999, 2009, and 2019 (** p < 0.01; generalized linear model with binomial distribution)