Fig. 1

Impact of in vitro hormones on estrogen receptor expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. A In mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (MOVAS), GPER expression was significantly decreased in comparison with DMSO vehicle (CON) by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (One-way ANOVA, P = 0.002; Dunnett’s post-hoc test, N = 10–16). ERα was significantly downregulated by DHT, dexamethasone (DEX), and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA; One-way ANOVA, P < 0.0001; Dunnett’s post-hoc test, N = 10–16). B In the A7r5 rat aortic smooth muscle cell line, DHT significantly supressed mRNA for both GPER and ERα (Two-way ANOVA, P < 0.0001, Sidak’s post-hoc test, N = 6). Karyotype of C MOVAS and D A7r5. E PCR genotyping of A7r5 cells shows evidence of male genotype (XY). qPCR data for F rat and G mouse Xist represented as the difference between the threshold cycles for Xist and β-actin (ΔCt)