Table 1 Demographic group characteristics

N subjects

127

35

Not applicable

Age^b

22.73 (3.67)

24.89 (4.64)

t(160) = 2.898, p = 0.004*

EHI-Score^b

0.904 (0.1318)

0.940 (0.0914)

t(160) = 1.520, p = 0.131

Last math grade^b

2.29 (1.078)

2.26 (0.954)

t(160) = − 0.113, p = 0.910

QCM (anxiety)^b

3.5795 (1.2094)

3.5086 (1.2313)

t(160) = − 0.306, p = 0.760

QCM (success)^b

4.0735 (1.2791)

4.3897 (1.2839)

t(159) = 1.279, p = 0.203

QCM (interest)^b

3.9925 (1.1751)

4.2457 (1.2603)

t(160) = 1.111, p = 0.268

QCM (challenge)^b

5.2165 (0.9206)

5.3571 (0.9301)

t(160) = 0.798, p = 0.426

RSES^b

39.09 (5.314)

40.06 (5.263)

t(158) = 0.956, p = 0.341

Hormonal contraceptive (yes/no)^c

64/63

Not applicable

χ²(1) = 0.008, p = 0.929

Smoking (yes/no)^a

15/112

8/27

p = 0.087