Fig. 3
Performance development within each sex. Measurement of performance is the sum of correct trials per session. Shown are the number of correct trials for all females in A and males in B, split each by tDCS polarity. The performance for each polarity condition (bars) was compared to sham stimulation (black line). We found significant performance gains for females in the anodal group compared to sham (p = 0.0354). This effect was not seen in the cathodal group, where the performance increase of cathodal and sham stimulation was of similar magnitude throughout the training phase (p = 0.6181). No significant effects were found for either polarity in the male group, as both polarities resulted in similar performance gains compared to sham stimulation (mA: p = 0.6882; mC: p = 0.4822). *Groups where performance gains differ significantly (p < 0.05)