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Table 1 Categories used to group traits

From: Sex differences in the effects of prematurity and/or low birthweight on neurodevelopmental outcomes: systematic review and meta-analyses

Category

Examples of traits

Cognitive

Spatial skills, math, problem solving, reasoning, general IQ, full scale IQ, memory, academic competence

Internalizing

Depression, anxiety, emotional problems, neuroticism, OCD symptoms, emotional and peer subscales of Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire [34], social phobia, body self-concept, social self-concept

Externalizing

ADHD, attention, peer relationships, social functioning, extraversion and psychoticism, conduct and behavioral and hyperactivity subscales of Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire [34], behavioral problems

Language

Non-verbal communication skills, verbal memory, vocabulary, reading, spelling, letter–word identification, phonological processing